@inproceedings {2033, title = {CCBHash (Compound Code Block Hash) para An{\'a}lisis de Malware}, booktitle = {XVII Reuni{\'o}n Espa{\~n}ola sobre Criptolog{\'\i}a y Seguridad de la Informaci{\'o}n}, year = {2022}, month = {11/2022}, pages = {168-173}, author = {Pablo P{\'e}rez Jim{\'e}nez and Jose A. Onieva and Gerardo Fernandez} } @inproceedings {1701, title = {A comprehensive methodology for deploying IoT honeypots}, booktitle = {15th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business (TrustBus 2018)}, volume = {LNCS 11033}, year = {2018}, month = {09/2018}, pages = {229{\textendash}243}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland AG}, organization = {Springer Nature Switzerland AG}, address = {Regensburg (Germany)}, abstract = {

Recent news have raised concern regarding the security on the IoT field. Vulnerabilities in devices are arising and honeypots are an excellent way to cope with this problem. In this work, current solutions for honeypots in the IoT context, and other solutions adaptable to it are analyzed in order to set the basis for a methodology that allows deployment of IoT honeypot.

}, keywords = {Honeypot, IoT, methodology, security}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98385-1_16}, author = {Antonio Acien and Ana Nieto and Gerardo Fernandez and Javier Lopez} } @article {NAFMONET2018, title = {Crowdsourcing analysis in 5G IoT: Cybersecurity Threats and Mitigation}, journal = {Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET)}, year = {2018}, month = {10/2018}, pages = {881-889}, publisher = {Springer US}, abstract = {
Crowdsourcing can be a powerful weapon against cyberattacks in 5G networks. In this paper we analyse this idea in detail, starting from the use cases in crowdsourcing focused on security, and highlighting those areas of a 5G ecosystem where crowdsourcing could be used to mitigate local and remote attacks, as well as to discourage criminal activities and cybercriminal behaviour. We pay particular attention to the capillary network, where an infinite number of IoT objects coexist. The analysis is made considering the different participants in a 5G IoT ecosystem.
}, keywords = {5G security, Cybersecurity, digital witness, Proactive security}, issn = {1383-469X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1146-4}, author = {Ana Nieto and Antonio Acien and Gerardo Fernandez} } @inproceedings {1706, title = {Definici{\'o}n de procedimientos para fabricar honeypots IoT basados en criterios de b{\'u}squeda}, booktitle = {XV Reuni{\'o}n Espa{\~n}ola sobre Criptolog{\'\i}a y Seguridad de la Informaci{\'o}n}, year = {2018}, month = {10/2018}, address = {Granada (Espa{\~n}a)}, abstract = {

Con la revoluci{\'o}n tecnol{\'o}gica que ha supuesto la Internet de las Cosas (Internet of Things, IoT) se han presentado escenarios donde la preocupaci{\'o}n por la seguridad en dicho entorno es cada vez m{\'a}s relevante. Est{\'a}n comenzando a surgir vulnerabilidades en varios dispositivos, y los sistemas trampa son una excelente manera de lidiar con este problema. En este trabajo se analizan soluciones para honeypots en el entorno IoT (y en otros que se puedan adaptar) para sentar las bases de una metodolog{\'\i}a que permita el despliegue de honeypots IoT.

}, isbn = {978-84-09-02463-6}, author = {Antonio Acien and Ana Nieto and Gerardo Fernandez and Javier Lopez} } @inproceedings {1650, title = {Configuraci{\'o}n de honeypots adaptativos para an{\'a}lisis de malware}, booktitle = {III Jornadas Nacionales de Investigaci{\'o}n en Ciberseguridad (JNIC 2017)}, year = {2017}, month = {06/2017}, pages = {91-98}, publisher = {Servicio de Publicaciones de la URJC}, organization = {Servicio de Publicaciones de la URJC}, address = {Madrid (Spain)}, abstract = {

Este trabajo propone una arquitectura de despliegue de honeypots adaptativos, configurados din{\'a}micamente a partir de los requisitos del malware que intenta infectar los servicios trampa. A diferencia de otros trabajos sobre honeypots adaptativos, los mecanismos de adaptabilidad aqu{\'\i} dise{\~n}ados tomar{\'a}n como base informaci{\'o}n de inteligencia sobre amenazas actuales, indicadores de compromiso (IOCs) conocidos, as{\'\i} como informaci{\'o}n de actividades sospechosas actualmente en estudio por los analistas. Este conocimiento ser{\'a} empleado para configurar honeypots de manera din{\'a}mica, permitiendo satisfacer los requisitos necesarios para que el malware pueda desplegar toda su operativa.\ 

}, keywords = {adaptive, dynamic, Honeypot, intelligence, IOC, malware}, isbn = {978-84-608-4659-8}, url = {https://eciencia.urjc.es/handle/10115/14540}, author = {Gerardo Fernandez and Ana Nieto} } @inproceedings {1656, title = {Modeling Malware-driven Honeypots}, booktitle = {14th International Conference On Trust, Privacy \& Security In Digital Business (TrustBus 2017)}, volume = {10442}, year = {2017}, month = {08/2017}, pages = {130-144}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Lyon (France)}, abstract = {

In this paper we propose the Hogney architecture for the deployment of malware-driven honeypots. This new concept refers to honeypots that have been dynamically configured according to the environment expected by malware. The adaptation mechanism designed here is built on services that offer up-to-date and relevant intelligence information\ on current threats. Thus, the Hogney architecture takes advantage of recent Indicators Of Compromise\ (IOC) and information about suspicious activity currently being studied by analysts. The information gathered from these services is then used to adapt honeypots to fulfill malware requirements, inviting them to unleash their full strength.

}, keywords = {adaptive, dynamic, Honeypot, intelligence, IOC, malware}, isbn = {978-3-319-64482-0}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64483-7_9}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-64483-7_9}, author = {Gerardo Fernandez and Ana Nieto and Javier Lopez} } @inproceedings {931, title = {Context-Awareness using Anomaly-based Detectors for Smart Grid Domains}, booktitle = {9th International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems }, volume = {8924}, year = {2015}, month = {04/2015}, pages = {17-34}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Trento}, abstract = {

Anomaly-based detection applied in strongly interdependent systems, like Smart Grids, has become one of the most challenging research areas in recent years. Early detection of anomalies so as to detect and prevent unexpected faults or stealthy threats is attracting a great deal of attention from the scientific community because it offers potential solutions for context-awareness. These solutions can also help explain the conditions leading up\ to a given situation and help determine the degree of its severity. However, not all the existing approaches within the literature are equally effective in covering the needs of a particular scenario. It is necessary to explore the control requirements of the domains that comprise a Smart Grid, identify, and even select, those approaches according to these requirements and the intrinsic conditions related to the application context, such as technological heterogeneity and complexity. Therefore, this paper analyses the functional features of existing anomaly-based approaches so as to adapt them, according to the aforementioned conditions. The result of this investigation is a guideline for the construction of preventive solutions that will help improve the context-awareness in the control of Smart Grid domains in the near future.

}, keywords = {Context-Awareness, Control systems, Prevention, Smart Grid}, isbn = {978-3-319-17126-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17127-2_2}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007\%2F978-3-319-17127-2_2$\#$}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Lorena Cazorla and Gerardo Fernandez} } @inproceedings {1637, title = {An Intelligent and Adaptive Live Simulator: A new Concept for Cybersecurity Training}, booktitle = {9th Future Security Conference}, year = {2014}, address = {Berlin}, abstract = {

The rapid rate of change in technology and the increasing sophistication of cyber attacks require any organization to have a continuous preparation. However, the resource and time intensive nature of cybersecurity education and training renders traditional approaches highly inefficient. Simulators have attracted the attention in the last years as a potential solution for cybersecurity training. However, in spite of the advances achieved, there is still an urgent need to address some open challenges. In this paper we present a novel simulator that solves some these challenges. First, we analyse the main properties that any cybersecurity training solution should comprise, and evaluate to what extent training simulators can meet them. Next, we introduce the functional architecture and innovative features of the simulator, of which a functional prototype has already been released. Finally, we demonstrate how these capabilities are put into practice in training courses already available in the simulator.

}, keywords = {Cyberdefence, Cybersecurity, Education, Simulation, Training}, author = {Jorge L. Hern{\'a}ndez-Ardieta and David Santos and Pascual Parra and Juan E. Tapiador and Pedro Peris-L{\'o}pez and Javier Lopez and Gerardo Fernandez} } @incollection {BC2011Alcaraz, title = {Security Aspects of SCADA and DCS Environments}, booktitle = {Critical Infrastructure Protection: Information Infrastructure Models, Analysis, and Defense}, series = {Advances in Critical Infrastructure Protection: Information Infrastructure Models, Analysis, and Defense. LNCS 7130.}, volume = {7130}, year = {2012}, month = {September 2012}, pages = {120-149}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {Heidelberger (Berlin, Alemania)}, abstract = {

SCADA Systems can be seen as a fundamental component in Critical Infrastructures, having an impact in the overall performance of other Critical Infrastructures interconnected. Currently, these systems include in their network designs different types of Information and Communication Technology systems (such as the Internet and wireless technologies), not only to modernize operational processes but also to ensure automation and real-time control. Nonetheless, the use of these new technologies will bring new security challenges, which will have a significant impact on both the business process and home users. Therefore, the main purpose of this Chapter is to address these issues and to analyze the interdependencies of Process Control Systems with ICT systems, to discuss some security aspects and to offer some possible solutions and recommendations.

}, keywords = {Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, SCADA Systems}, isbn = {ISBN:978-3-642-28919-4}, issn = {0302-9743}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Gerardo Fernandez and Fernando Carvajal}, editor = {Javier Lopez and Stephen. Wolthunsen and Roberto Setola} } @inproceedings {NF_RECSI12, title = {Sistema Colaborativo de Detecci{\'o}n y Reacci{\'o}n ante Intrusiones basado en Intel vPro}, booktitle = {XII Reuni{\'o}n Espa{\~n}ola sobre Criptolog{\'\i}a y Seguridad de la Informaci{\'o}n (RECSI 2012)}, year = {2012}, month = {Sep 2012}, pages = {45-50}, address = {San Sebasti{\'a}n}, abstract = {

En este trabajo proponemos una plataforma para el desarrollo de un sistema colaborativo para la detecci{\'o}n y reacci{\'o}n ante intrusiones, empleando como base las tecnolog{\'\i}as presentes en Intel vPro. La soluci{\'o}n presentada est{\'a} dirigida a solventar la necesidad de implantaci{\'o}n de nuevas tecnolog{\'\i}as que posibiliten la reacci{\'o}n ante ataques, independientemente del sistema operativo usado. Con este fin, en este trabajo abordamos tres puntos fundamentales: la detecci{\'o}n de intrusiones colaborativa, la respuesta autom{\'a}tica de los nodos ante la detecci{\'o}n de una intrusi{\'o}n y el uso de herramientas que posibiliten asegurar la confianza en un nodo. En un sistema colaborativo como el que se propone aqu{\'\i}, un aspecto clave para la seguridad es la protecci{\'o}n de las comunicaciones entre los mecanismos de detecci{\'o}n y reacci{\'o}n frente a intrusiones. La modificaci{\'o}n o el simple acceso a los datos intercambiados por tales sistemas supone un grave riesgo para la seguridad del entorno. Como resultado hemos desarrollado un prototipo preliminar para probar la soluci{\'o}n propuesta en un escenario de ataque real.

}, keywords = {IDS, Intel vPro, IRS}, isbn = {978-84-615-9933-2}, author = {Ana Nieto and Gerardo Fernandez} } @inproceedings {Alcaraz2009, title = {Adaptive Dispatching of Incidences Based on Reputation for SCADA Systems}, booktitle = {6th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business (TrustBus{\textquoteright}09)}, series = {LNCS}, year = {2009}, month = {September}, pages = {86-94}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, organization = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {Linz, Austria}, abstract = {

SCADA systems represent a challenging scenario where the management of critical alarms is crucial. Their response to these alarms should be efficient and fast in order to mitigate or contain undesired effects. This work presents a mechanism, the Adaptive Assignment Manager (AAM) that will aid to react to incidences in a more efficient way by dynamically assigning alarms to the most suitable human operator. The mechanism uses various inputs for identifying the operators such as their availability, workload and reputation. In fact, we also define a reputation component that stores the reputation of the human operators and uses feedback from past experiences.

}, keywords = {Critical Control Systems, Reputation, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems}, isbn = {978-3-642-03747-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-03748-1_9}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Isaac Agudo and Carmen Fernandez-Gago and Rodrigo Roman and Gerardo Fernandez and Javier Lopez} } @article {Alcaraz2008a, title = {Gesti{\'o}n segura de redes SCADA}, journal = {Nuevas tendencias en gesti{\'o}n de redes, Nov{\'a}tica}, number = {196}, year = {2008}, month = {December}, pages = {20-25}, publisher = {CEPIS}, abstract = {

En el momento que se introduce en el mercado nuevas tecnolog\ías basadas en entornos distribuidos comienzan a surgir en paralelo nuevos problemas de seguridad en los sistemas SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), los cuales monitorizan y gestionan otras infraestructuras de gran complejidad y escala. Un fallo o una interrupci\ón en uno de sus componentes podr\ía suponer un impacto negativo sobre la funcionalidad de otras infraestructuras, por lo que se hace necesario realizar frecuentes an\álisis de seguridad para as\í mantener actualizado el conocimiento y proveer recomendaciones y/o soluciones para mitigar o evitar futuras ocurrencias, garantizando una gesti\ón de red fiable y siempre disponible.

}, keywords = {An{\'a}lisis de Seguridad, Gesti{\'o}n de red SCADA, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems}, issn = {0211-2124}, url = {http://www.ati.es/novatica/indice.html$\#$196}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Gerardo Fernandez and Rodrigo Roman and Angel Balastegui and Javier Lopez} } @article {Alcaraz2008b, title = {Secure Management of SCADA Networks}, journal = {Novatica, New Trends in Network Management}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, year = {2008}, month = {December}, pages = {22-28}, publisher = {Cepis UPGRADE}, abstract = {

When a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system monitors and manages other complex infrastructures through the use of distributed technologies, it becomes a critical infrastructure by itself: A failure or disruption in any of its components could implicate a serious impact on the performance of the other infrastructures. The connection with other systems makes a SCADA system more vulnerable against attacks, generating new security problems. As a result, it is essential to perform diverse security analysis frequently in order to keep an updated knowledge and to provide recommendations and/or solutions to mitigate or avoid anomalous events. This will facilitate the existence of a suitable, reliable, and available control network.

}, keywords = {SCADA network management, Security Analysis, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems}, issn = {1684-5285}, url = {http://www.upgrade-cepis.org/issues/2008/6/up9-6Alcaraz.pdf}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Gerardo Fernandez and Rodrigo Roman and Angel Balastegui and Javier Lopez} }