@article {Alcaraz2023a, title = {Protecting Digital Twin Networks for 6G-enabled Industry 5.0 Ecosystems}, journal = {IEEE Network Magazine}, year = {In Press}, publisher = {IEEE}, issn = {0890-8044}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Javier Lopez} } @inproceedings {RubioAlcarazLopez2017ESORICS, title = {Preventing Advanced Persistent Threats in Complex Control Networks}, booktitle = {European Symposium on Research in Computer Security}, volume = {10493}, year = {2017}, month = {09/2017}, pages = {402-418}, publisher = {22nd European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2017)}, organization = {22nd European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2017)}, author = {Juan E. Rubio and Cristina Alcaraz and Javier Lopez} } @article {lopez2017ecn, title = {Protecting Industry 4.0 against Advanced Persistent Threats}, journal = {European CIIP Newsletter}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, year = {2017}, month = {03/2017}, pages = {27-29}, publisher = {European CIIP Newsletter}, issn = {NONE}, author = {Javier Lopez and Cristina Alcaraz and Jes{\'u}s Rodriguez and Rodrigo Roman and Juan E. Rubio} } @article {alcaraz2016POL, title = {Policy Enforcement System for Secure Interoperable Control in Distributed Smart Grid Systems}, journal = {Journal of Network and Computer Applications}, volume = {59}, year = {2016}, month = {01/2016}, pages = {301{\textendash}314}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {

Interoperability of distributed systems in charge of monitoring and maintaining the different critical domains belonging to Smart Grid scenarios comprise the central topic of this paper. Transparency in control transactions under a secure and reliable architecture is the aim of the policy enforcement system proposed here. The approach is based on the degree of observation of a context and on the role-based access control model defined by the IEC-62351-8 standard. Only authenticated and authorised entities are able to take control of those distributed elements (e.g., IEC-61850 objects) located at distant geographical locations and close to the critical infrastructures (e.g., substations). To ensure the effectiveness of the approach, it is built on graphical-theoretical formulations corresponding to graph theory, where it is possible to illustrate power control networks through power-law distributions whose monitoring relies on structural controllability theory. The interconnection of these distributions is subject to a network architecture based on the concept of the supernode where the interoperability depends on a simple rule-based expert system. This expert system focuses not only on accepting or denying access, but also on providing the means to attend to extreme situations, avoiding, as much as possible, the overloading of the communication. Through one practical study we also show the functionalities of the approach and the benefits that the authorisation itself can bring to the interoperability.\ 

}, issn = {1084-8045}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Javier Lopez and Stephen Wolthusen} } @proceedings {1591, title = {Proceedings of the 12th ACM Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, \& Ubiquitous Networks, PE-WASUN 2015}, journal = {12th ACM Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, \& Ubiquitous Networks, PE-WASUN 2015}, year = {2015}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {Cancun, Mexico}, isbn = {978-1-4503-3759-5}, url = {http://dblp2.uni-trier.de/db/conf/pe-wasun/pe-wasun2015.html}, author = {M{\'o}nica Aguilar-Igartua and Carolina Tripp Barba and Cristina Alcaraz} } @inproceedings {alcaraz2011critis, title = {PDR: A Prevention, Detection and Response Mechanism for Anomalies in Energy Control Systems}, booktitle = {7th International Conference on Critical Information Infrastructures Security (CRITIS 2012)}, volume = {7722}, year = {2013}, pages = {22{\textendash}33}, address = {Lillehammer, Norway}, abstract = {

\ Prevention, detection and response are nowadays considered to be three priority topics for protecting critical infrastructures, such as energy control systems. Despite attempts to address these current issues, there is still a particular lack of investigation in these areas, and in particular in dynamic and automatic proactive solutions. In this paper we propose a mechanism, which is called PDR, with the capability of anticipating anomalies, detecting anomalous behaviours and responding to them in a timely manner. PDR is based on a conglomeration of technologies and on a set of essential components with the purpose of offering situational awareness irrespective of where the system is located. In addition, the mechanism can also compute its functional capacities by evaluating its efficacy and precision in the prediction and detection of disturbances. With this, the entire system is able to know the real reliability of its services and its activity in remote substations at all times.

}, author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Meltem Sonmez} } @incollection {Lopez2007, title = {On the Protection and Technologies of Critical Information Infrastructures.}, booktitle = {On Foundations of Security Analysis and Design IV, FOSAD 2006/2007, Springer}, series = {LNCS}, volume = {4677}, year = {2007}, note = {

10.1007/978-3-540-74810-6_6

}, pages = {160-182}, abstract = {

Critical Infrastructures are complex and highly interconnected systems that are crucial for the well-being of the society. Any type of failure can cause significant damage, affecting one or more sectors due to their inherent interdependency. Not only the infrastructures are critical, but also the information infrastructures that manage, control and supervise them. Due to the seriousness of the consequences, the protection of these critical (information) infrastructures must have the highest priority. It is the purpose of this book chapter to review and discuss about these infrastructures, to explain their elements, and to highlight their research and development issues. This chapter will also discuss the role of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology in the protection of these infrastructures.

}, keywords = {Critical Information Infrastructure Protection, wireless sensor networks}, issn = {0302-9743}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-74810-6_6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74810-6_6}, author = {Javier Lopez and Cristina Alcaraz and Rodrigo Roman} }