    @article {alcarazlopez-IEEESystems-2017,
	title = {A Cyber-Physical Systems-Based Checkpoint Model for Structural Controllability},
	journal = {IEEE Systems Journal},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2018},
	month = {12/2018},
	pages = {3543-3554},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">The protection of critical user-centric applications,\&nbsp;such as Smart Grids and their monitoring systems, has become\&nbsp;one of the most cutting-edge research areas in recent years.\&nbsp;The dynamic complexity of their cyber-physical systems (CPSs)\&nbsp;and their strong inter-dependencies with power systems, are\&nbsp;bringing about a significant increase in security problems that\&nbsp;may be exploited by attackers. These security holes may, for\&nbsp;example, trigger the disintegration of the structural controllability\&nbsp;properties due to the problem of non-locality, affecting, sooner\&nbsp;or later, the provision of the essential services to end-users.\&nbsp;One way to address these situations could be through automatic\&nbsp;checkpoints in charge of inspecting the healthy status of the\&nbsp;control network and its critical nature. This inspection can be\&nbsp;subject to special mechanisms\&nbsp;composed of trustworthy cyberphysical\&nbsp;elements\&nbsp;capable of detecting structural changes in the\&nbsp;control and activating restoration procedures\&nbsp;with support for\&nbsp;warning. This is precisely the aim of this paper, which presents\&nbsp;a CPSs-based checkpoint model with the capacity to manage\&nbsp;heterogeneous replications that help ensure data redundancy,\&nbsp;thereby guaranteeing the validity of the checkpoints. As a support\&nbsp;to this study,\&nbsp;a theoretical and practical analysis is addressed to\&nbsp;show the functionality of the approach in real contexts.</p>
},
	keywords = {Critical Control Systems, cyber-physical systems, Smart grids, structural controllability},
	issn = {1932-8184},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2017.2740719},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8057984/},
	author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Javier Lopez}
}
@inproceedings {1598,
	title = {Safeguarding Structural Controllability in Cyber-Physical Control Systems},
	booktitle = {The 21st European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2016)},
	volume = {9879},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {471-489},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Crete, Greece},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Automatic restoration of control wireless networks based on dynamic\&nbsp;cyber-physical systems has become a hot topic in recent years, since most of their\&nbsp;elements tend to have serious vulnerabilities that may be exploited by attackers.\&nbsp;In fact, any exploitation may rapidly extend to the entire control network due to\&nbsp;its problem of non-locality, where control properties of a system and its structural\&nbsp;controllability can disintegrate over time. Unfortunately, automated self-healing\&nbsp;processes may become costly procedures in which the reliability of the strategies\&nbsp;and the time-critical of any recovery of the control can become key factors to\&nbsp;re-establish the control properties in due time. This operational need is precisely\&nbsp;the aim of this paper, in which four reachability-based recovery strategies from\&nbsp;a thereotical point of view are proposed so as to find the best option/s in terms\&nbsp;of optimization, robustness and complexity. To do this, new definitions related to\&nbsp;structural controllability in relation to the type of distribution of the network and\&nbsp;its control load capacity are given in this paper, resulting in an interesting practical\&nbsp;study.</p>
},
	keywords = {Control systems, cyber-physical systems, restoration, self-healing, structural controllability},
	isbn = {978-3-319-45741-3},
	author = {Cristina Alcaraz and Javier Lopez}
}
